Gold

Shift from white base 13.0 Very large Shift from white base (Delta E) A measure of how much the base color changes the result, measured as CIELAB color difference. IndistinguishableΔE < 1 Slight1 - 3 Noticeable3 - 6 Large6 - 12 Very large12+ Delta E around 1 is barely noticeable; above 3 usually looks clearly different. Coverage 65% Translucent Coverage (CR) A measure of how well the paint hides the base. Values closer to 100% are less affected by the base. Opaque95%+ High coverage85 - 95% Semi-opaque65 - 85% Translucent40 - 65% Clear-like< 40% In paint testing, CR >= 98% is treated as practical full opacity.

Shift from white base 12.3 Very large Shift from white base (Delta E) A measure of how much the base color changes the result, measured as CIELAB color difference. IndistinguishableΔE < 1 Slight1 - 3 Noticeable3 - 6 Large6 - 12 Very large12+ Delta E around 1 is barely noticeable; above 3 usually looks clearly different.

Reference base